"Astragalus root is one of the most popular herbs in traditional Chinese medicine, included in hundreds of herbal formulas and evidently widely marketed for millennia as a 'life-prolonging' tonic."

Dr. Michael Greger, M.D., FACLM, founder of NutritionFacts.org

Making scientific discoveries accessible to all

Astragalus and Longevity: The Anti-Aging Benefits of a Traditional Herb

In the quest to extend healthspan and reduce the effects of aging, researchers have increasingly focused on natural compounds with time-tested uses. Among these, Astragalus membranaceus, a revered herb in traditional Chinese medicine, has captured scientific interest for its potential in supporting cellular health, protecting against aging markers, and promoting overall longevity. This article explores the scientifically-backed benefits of Astragalus, emphasizing its mechanisms, health impacts, and implications for longevity.

What is Astragalus?

Astragalus membranaceus, often referred to simply as Astragalus, is a perennial plant known for its adaptogenic properties—herbs that help the body resist stress. Traditionally, Astragalus has been used to enhance energy, support the immune system, and improve resilience. Now, modern research is shedding light on its potential anti-aging and longevity-enhancing benefits, especially through compounds like astragalosides and polysaccharides.

Key Compounds in Astragalus Linked to Longevity

The anti-aging effects of Astragalus are attributed to several bioactive compounds:

  • Astragalosides (particularly Astragaloside IV): Known to activate telomerase, an enzyme responsible for telomere maintenance.
  • Cycloastragenol: This compound has shown promise in studies for its telomerase-activating effects, potentially delaying cellular aging.
  • Polysaccharides: Exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-supporting effects.

These compounds interact at the cellular level to promote healthy aging, making Astragalus a unique candidate for longevity support.

Primary Longevity Benefits of Astragalus

1. Telomerase Activation and Telomere Maintenance

A hallmark of aging is the shortening of telomeres, protective caps at the ends of chromosomes. Each time a cell divides, telomeres shorten, eventually leading to cellular senescence, or the inability of cells to divide further. Telomerase is the only enzyme that can restore telomere length, but its activity naturally declines with age.

Astragalus’s astragalosides, particularly Astragaloside IV and cycloastragenol, have been shown to activate telomerase, providing a potential means to delay telomere shortening. In a 2024 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study published in Nutrients, participants aged 40-70 took an astragalus-based supplement for six months. The findings indicated a statistically significant increase in telomere length in the supplement group, with no adverse side effects reported (de Jaeger et al., 2024). This suggests that Astragalus may support cellular youthfulness by promoting telomere stability and longevity.

2. Delaying Cellular Senescence

Beyond telomere support, Astragalus also helps delay cellular senescence, the process by which cells lose function and enter a state of “biological retirement.” Astragalus’s antioxidant properties, largely due to its high polysaccharide content, reduce oxidative stress—a major contributor to cellular aging. Oxidative stress damages cellular structures and can accelerate senescence. By neutralizing free radicals, Astragalus protects cells and supports their functional lifespan.

3. Mitochondrial Health and Energy Production

Healthy mitochondrial function is essential for energy production, resilience, and longevity. As we age, mitochondrial function tends to decline, leading to reduced energy levels and greater susceptibility to age-related diseases. Astragalus polysaccharides have been shown to enhance mitochondrial health, supporting cellular energy production and reducing mitochondrial DNA damage. According to a 2012 study in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Astragalus polysaccharides protected mitochondria from oxidative stress and enhanced ATP production, a key indicator of cellular energy (Li et al., 2012).

4. Immune System Support

The aging process, or immunosenescence, often weakens the immune system, increasing vulnerability to infections and chronic illnesses. Astragalus has demonstrated immune-modulating properties, enhancing the activity of white blood cells and stimulating macrophages, which are essential for eliminating harmful pathogens. Studies indicate that regular use of Astragalus can boost overall immunity, making it beneficial for those looking to maintain a resilient immune system as they age.

5. Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Chronic inflammation is a recognized driver of aging and age-related diseases, often referred to as “inflammaging.” Astragalus contains bioactive compounds that reduce inflammation, supporting joint health and overall vitality. Inflammation accelerates cellular wear, but the anti-inflammatory effects of Astragalus help to protect cells from this damage, providing a buffer against premature aging.

Functional Health Benefits of Astragalus

In addition to its anti-aging properties, Astragalus offers several functional health benefits, supporting overall wellness and resilience.

Cardiovascular Health

Astragalus has shown promise in supporting cardiovascular health by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, two key factors linked to heart disease. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties may reduce arterial stiffness, a factor in age-related cardiovascular decline. Although more research is needed to understand these mechanisms fully, these preliminary findings suggest Astragalus could be valuable for cardiovascular support.

Enhanced Vitality and Stamina

As an adaptogen, Astragalus helps the body adapt to stress and improves overall vitality. This energy-boosting effect is beneficial for individuals seeking to maintain active lifestyles as they age. By promoting mitochondrial health, Astragalus supports sustained energy levels, making it a favorite among those looking to counteract age-related fatigue.

Potential Neuroprotective Effects

Emerging research suggests that Astragalus may support cognitive health by protecting neurons from oxidative stress. Although studies are still in their early stages, animal studies indicate that Astragalus’s antioxidants may protect brain cells, potentially offering benefits for cognitive resilience. However, more research is required to verify these effects in human trials.

The Science Behind Astragalus and Longevity

Astragalus’s longevity benefits are supported by several studies, each highlighting different aspects of the herb’s potential:

Telomerase Activation Study: A study by Harley et al. (2013) in Rejuvenation Research explored the effects of a natural telomerase activator derived from Astragalus on metabolic and cardiovascular health. The findings suggested improvements in biomarkers associated with aging, offering support for Astragalus’s anti-aging properties.

Telomere Length Study: de Jaeger et al. (2024) conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in Nutrients to measure the impact of Astragalus on telomere length. The study found that after six months, individuals taking Astragalus experienced significant telomere lengthening, potentially promoting cellular youthfulness.

Mitochondrial Protection Study: Li et al. (2012) published findings in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences showing that Astragalus polysaccharides enhance mitochondrial health and protect against oxidative stress, supporting cellular energy production and vitality.

Immunomodulation and Anti-inflammatory Properties: The immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory effects of Astragalus are well-documented, with studies demonstrating enhanced white blood cell activity and reduced markers of inflammation. These effects position Astragalus as a valuable tool for supporting immune resilience, especially in aging populations.

Conclusion

Astragalus stands out as one of the most researched and promising natural ingredients for supporting healthy aging and longevity. With its ability to activate telomerase, enhance mitochondrial health, and modulate immune response, Astragalus addresses several aging hallmarks at the cellular level. As an adaptogen with powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, Astragalus can be an effective component of a longevity-focused regimen, supporting both vitality and resilience in the face of age-related challenges.

For those looking to support their health through scientifically-backed natural interventions, Astragalus offers an array of benefits that go beyond traditional supplementation. By integrating Astragalus into a balanced wellness plan, individuals can leverage its protective and rejuvenating properties to support a longer, healthier lifespan.

How Astragalus Impacts Aging:

Specific Hallmarks:

  • Telomere Attrition: Astragalus activates telomerase, which may help maintain and lengthen telomeres, protecting cells from premature aging.
  • Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Astragalus polysaccharides enhance mitochondrial function, supporting cellular energy production and reducing mitochondrial DNA damage.
  • Cellular Senescence: By reducing oxidative stress and promoting DNA repair, Astragalus can delay the onset of cellular senescence, prolonging cell life.
  • Genomic Instability: Astragalus contains antioxidants that protect against DNA damage, contributing to genomic stability and longevity.

Deregulated Nutrient Sensing: Astragalus may modulate pathways like AMPK, supporting balanced nutrient sensing and metabolic health as cells age.

Mechanism of Action:

  • Enhanced Immune Function: Astragalus boosts white blood cell activity, strengthening the body’s immune defense against pathogens.
  • Inflammation Reduction: Contains bioactive compounds that lower systemic inflammation, promoting joint health and supporting cardiovascular wellness.
  • Cardiovascular Support: Astragalus aids in reducing oxidative stress and arterial stiffness, which can benefit heart health over time.
  • Energy and Vitality Boost: Known for its adaptogenic properties, Astragalus improves resilience to stress and boosts physical and mental stamina.

Liver Protection: Studies suggest that Astragalus supports liver health by aiding in detoxification and reducing liver enzyme levels associated with oxidative stress.

Scientific studies

  • Astragalus-based supplement shown to lengthen telomeres in middle-aged adults.

    This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of an Astragalus-based supplement, ASTCOQ02, on telomere length in adults aged 40-70. Participants were divided into two groups, with one group receiving the supplement and the other a placebo, administered over a six-month period. Researchers found that the group taking ASTCOQ02 showed a significant increase in both median and short telomere lengths, suggesting that Astragalus may help maintain cellular youth by supporting telomerase activity. No adverse side effects were reported, highlighting Astragalus’s potential as a safe anti-aging. Published in Nutrients (2024), titled “A Natural Astragalus-Based Nutritional Supplement Lengthens Telomeres in a Middle-Aged Population,” conducted by University of Paris.

  • Astragaloside IV from Astragalus improves mitochondrial function and cellular energy production.

    In this study, researchers focused on Astragaloside IV, a primary active compound in Astragalus, to assess its effects on mitochondrial health. The study revealed that Astragaloside IV enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP production, which are crucial for cellular energy and overall vitality. By boosting mitochondrial function, Astragalus may help mitigate age-related declines in energy and endurance, supporting longevity at the cellular level. Reference Details: Published in International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2012), titled “Mitochondrial Protection and Anti-aging Activity of Astragalus Polysaccharides,” conducted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

  • Astragalus polysaccharides reduce inflammation and boost immune response.

    This study explored the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of Astragalus polysaccharides. Using in vitro and in vivo methods, researchers observed that Astragalus polysaccharides stimulated macrophage activity and reduced inflammatory markers, enhancing overall immune function. These findings suggest that Astragalus can help reduce chronic inflammation, a key driver of aging, and support immune resilience, making it a valuable herb for promoting long-term health. Published in Frontiers in Pharmacology (2020), titled “A Review of the Pharmacological Action of Astragalus Polysaccharide,” conducted by Wuhan University.

  • Astragalus extract shows potential to activate telomerase and counteract cellular senescence.

    Researchers in this study investigated the ability of Astragalus extract, particularly Astragaloside IV and cycloastragenol, to activate telomerase and delay cellular aging. Through in vitro testing, they found that these compounds increased telomerase activity, helping to maintain telomere length and reduce cellular senescence. This mechanism highlights Astragalus’s potential role in supporting cellular longevity by preserving telomere integrity, with implications for delaying age-related cellular decline. Published in Biomedicines (2020), titled “The Use of Natural Agents to Counteract Telomere Shortening: Effects of Astragalus Membranaceus on Telomerase Activity,” conducted by Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.

  • Reference link

    Astragalus supports cardiovascular health through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

    This study examined the cardiovascular benefits of Astragalus, focusing on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. By reducing oxidative stress and lowering inflammatory markers, Astragalus demonstrated potential in preventing arterial stiffness and promoting heart health. The study’s findings suggest that Astragalus could play a role in mitigating cardiovascular risks associated with aging, making it an important supplement for individuals aiming to support longevity and heart health. Published in Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences (2019), titled “Cardiovascular Benefits of Astragalus Membranaceus: Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects,” conducted by Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

  • Astragalus extract component shown to increase telomerase activity and support anti-aging mechanisms.

    This comprehensive review highlights the longevity benefits of Astragalus membranaceus, emphasizing its active components, such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, and saponins. Researchers noted that extracts of Astragalus could increase telomerase activity, with additional effects spanning antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory properties. The study discusses Astragalus's potential to counter vascular and brain aging and examines its anticancer properties, suggesting that these effects make it a promising therapeutic agent against aging. Published in Aging and Disease (2017), titled “Anti-Aging Implications of Astragalus Membranaceus (Huangqi): A Well-Known Chinese Tonic,” conducted by Liu P., Zhao H., Luo Y.

Recommended Dosage

100-250 mg

per day

Estimated Amount Needed

5-10g

of dried Astragalus root

To achieve a therapeutic dose equivalent to 100 mg of Astragalus extract, one would require approximately 5-10 grams of dried Astragalus root.

Source and origin

Astragalus is primarily derived from the root of the Astragalus membranaceus plant, a perennial herb native to China and Mongolia, where it has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Known as “Huangqi” in Chinese medicine, Astragalus is cultivated and harvested for its rich content of beneficial compounds like polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids. While not commonly found in typical foods, Astragalus root is widely available as a supplement or dried herb.

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Astragalus found in

Astragalus is a key component in our Longevity Foundation due to its potential impact on cellular resilience and telomere support, essential for promoting longevity. With potent astragalosides at a clinically recommended dose, Longevity Foundation harnesses Astragalus’s benefits to protect cells from aging while enhancing mitochondrial function and immune health, making it a comprehensive foundation for your longevity goals.

People Also Ask

  • Is Astragalus safe for long-term use?

    Yes, Astragalus is generally considered safe for long-term use when taken at recommended doses, with few reported side effects in healthy adults.

  • Can Astragalus be taken alongside other supplements?

    Astragalus can usually be safely combined with other supplements, but it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider, especially if taking multiple herbs or compounds for longevity.

  • Are there any known contraindications for Astragalus?

    People taking immune-suppressing medications or those with autoimmune conditions should use caution, as Astragalus may stimulate the immune system.

  • Are there any side effects associated with Astragalus?

    Astragalus is well-tolerated by most people, though mild side effects like digestive discomfort or dry mouth may occur in some individuals.

  • How quickly can I expect to notice results from Astragalus?

    The benefits of Astragalus for cellular and immune health are cumulative, with effects generally observed over weeks to months of consistent use.

  •  Can I take Astragalus with caffeine or other stimulants?

    Yes, Astragalus is not a stimulant, so it can be taken alongside caffeine, though some people may find the combined energy effects too stimulating.

References

  • Reference link

    de Jaeger, C., Kruiskamp, S., Voronska, E., Lamberti, C., Baramki, H., Beaudeux, J. L., & Cherin, P. (2024). A Natural Astragalus-Based Nutritional Supplement Lengthens Telomeres in a Middle-Aged Population: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients, 16(17), 2963.

  • Harley, C. B., Liu, W., Flom, P. L., & Raffaele, J. M. (2013). A natural product telomerase activator as part of a health maintenance program: metabolic and cardiovascular response. Rejuvenation Research, 16(5), 386–395.

  • Huang, Z., Liu, C., Ruan, Y., Guo, Y., Sun, S., Shi, Y., & Wu, F. (2021). Dynamics of leukocyte telomere length in adults aged 50 and older: a longitudinal population-based cohort study. GeroScience, 43(2), 645–654.

  • Li, X. T., Zhang, Y. K., Kuang, H. X., Jin, F. X., Liu, D. W., Gao, M. B., Liu, Z., & Xin, X. J. (2012). Mitochondrial Protection and Anti-aging Activity of Astragalus Polysaccharides and Their Potential Mechanism. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13(2), 1747–1761.

  • Liu, P., Zhao, H., & Luo, Y. (2017). Anti-Aging Implications of Astragalus Membranaceus (Huangqi): A Well-Known Chinese Tonic. Aging and Disease, 8(6), 868–886.

  • Srinivas, N., Rachakonda, S., & Kumar, R. (2020). Telomeres and Telomere Length: A General Overview. Cancers, 12(3), 558.

  • Zhang, Y., & Liu, D. (2020). The Use of Natural Agents to Counteract Telomere Shortening: Effects of Astragalus Membranaceus on Telomerase Activity. Biomedicines, 8(2), 31.

  • Zheng, Y., Ren, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Liu, D., & Liu, Y. (2020). A Review of the Pharmacological Action of Astragalus Polysaccharide. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, 349.

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