Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation Supplement Facts table
Longevity Foundation Supplement Facts table
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation
Longevity Foundation Supplement Facts table
Longevity Foundation Supplement Facts table
ALL-IN-ONE LONGEVITY FORMULA

Longevity Foundation

4.9/5
| 1155+ Verified Reviews
$113per month

The ultimate all-in-one longevity formula—targeting all 12 root drivers of aging at the cellular level to optimize energy, skin, cognition, and vitality

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Product description

Designed by world-leading experts, Longevity Foundation is the all-in-one longevity protocol, delivering precision-dosed, 24/7 support to tackle all 12 root drivers of aging. Its pioneering AM/PM dual system works in sync with your body’s natural rhythms to optimize key longevity pathways at the cellular level.

  • Tackle the 12 causes of aging — with 12 longevity ingredients, backed by 100's of studies
  • Boosts NAD+ & mitochondria, protects DNA, and promotes cells renewal
  • Benefits you can feel — enhanced skin, endurance, cognition & energy
  • Dual-formula AM/PM system — precision-dosed for 24/7 targeted support.
  • Formulated by top experts — from Oxford, NASA, Yale School of Medicine, and more

Ingredient list

AM - Niacin (NAD+ Booster) 200 mg
AM - Pterostilbene 100 mg
AM - Quercetin (dihdyrate) 200 mg
AM - Calcium alpha-ketoglutarate (Ca-AKG) 1000 mg
AM - Fisetin 50 mg
AM - AstaZine® Astaxanthin (from Haematococcus pluvialis algae extract) 3.5 mg
PM - Zinc (zinc gluconate) 10 mg
PM - Spermidine (HCl) 2.5 mg
PM - Olive Leaf extract (min. 40% oleuropein) 650 mg
PM - Astragalus Root extract 100 mg
PM - Chondroitin Sulfate 700 mg
PM - Apigenin 50 mg

Suggested use

How to use

Take two (2) Longevity Foundation AM tablets daily in the morning, and two (2) Longevity Foundation PM tablets nightly before bed, with or without food. For improved absorption and metabolism, ensure adequate water intake.

Lifestyle integration

Longevity Foundation works on the deepest cellular levels, but it's not a replacement for longevity lifestyle choices like diet, exercise, and sleep. That's why our system allows you to amplify the benefits of cellular support with precision-engineered lifestyle boosters. Combine Longevity Foundation with a lifestyle booster, and experience the power of lifestyle synergy.

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Boost your routine
Longevity Foundation
Ingredients
AM - Niacin (as inositol hexanicotinate)
200 mg
AM - Pterostilbene
100 mg
AM - Quercetin (dihdyrate)
200 mg
AM - Calcium alpha-ketoglutarate (Ca-AKG)
1000 mg
AM - Fisetin
50 mg
AM - AstaZine® Astaxanthin (from Haematococcus pluvialis algae extract)
3.5 mg
PM - Zinc (zinc gluconate)
10 mg
PM - Spermidine (HCl)
2.5 mg
PM - Olive Leaf extract (min. 40% oleuropein)
650 mg
PM - Astragalus Root extract
100 mg
PM - Chondroitin Sulfate
700 mg
PM - Apigenin
50 mg

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Two powerful formulas, one complete longevity regimen

The most advanced, targeted, anti-aging system to address all 12 hallmarks of aging, 24/7

Your complete longevity protocol

Discover the unique benefits that set us apart.

Targets 12 Drivers Of Aging With AM/PM Precision

24/7 Defense, for Optimal Bioavailability and Alignment

Longevity Foundation uniquely targets all 12 drivers of aging (1, 2, 3) through our dual AM/PM system that helps improve bio-availability of individual nutrients. By syncing potent ingredients with your circadian rhythm, our AM formula boosts daytime energy and protects your skin from UV damage, while our PM formula activates nighttime cellular regeneration and supports restful sleep. Both blends feature powerful polyphenols clinically shown to help synchronize your internal clock, enhancing effectiveness and results.

All references

Synergistically Boost NAD+

3-Part Strategy to Support NAD+ Levels

NAD+ is crucial for youthful energy, DNA repair, and healthy aging—but levels decline as you age (75-77). Longevity Foundation boosts NAD+ with Niacin, a rigorously studied NAD+ precursor proven to restore and maintain healthy NAD+ levels (37, 57, 78-80). Complementary ingredients like Pterostilbene and Apigenin synergistically optimize NAD+ by activating vital longevity proteins (sirtuins), enhancing DNA repair, mitochondrial function, and overall cellular health for sustained vitality as you age (81-83).

All references

Multi-Factor Cellular Clean-up

Clear Aging Cells and Revitalize Your Body From Within.

Longevity Foundation stimulates your body's natural cellular recycling process (autophagy) and helps clear out aging "zombie" senescent cells that accelerate aging and inflammation (28, 29, 30). The AM formula energizes this clean-up process with potent senolytics like Pterostilbene (30), Quercetin (28, 29), and Fisetin, proven to boost cellular renewal and reduce inflammation. At night, Spermidine (26, 27, 32, 33) and Olive Leaf Extract (31) drive deep cellular repair, enhancing autophagy and rejuvenating your cells—so you wake up revitalized, youthful, and healthy.

All references

Younger Skin From Within

Foundational Dermal Longevity

Longevity Foundation nourishes your skin from the inside out, defending against daily damage and promoting overnight repair. The AM formula features Astaxanthin, an "internal sunscreen" proven to visibly reduce wrinkles, age spots, and dryness in as little as two weeks (12, 18, 19). Combined with Niacin, Quercetin, Pterostilbene, and Fisetin, it strengthens skin barriers and protects against environmental stressors (11, 16, 17). At night, Zinc, Olive Leaf Extract (20-23), Apigenin (24, 25), and Spermidine (13, 26, 27) accelerate skin renewal, enhance collagen production, and clear aging cells—restoring youthful resilience and radiance while you sleep.

All references

Protect and Preserve Brain Health

For Peak Cognition, Today and Tomorrow.

Longevity Foundation’s precision AM/PM formulas provide round-the-clock support to maintain cognitive function and slow brain aging. During the day, niacin enhances cognitive function by fueling critical brain energy pathways, with studies linking higher niacin intake to a reduced risk of cognitive decline (35-38). At night, astaxanthin helps shield your brain cells from oxidative damage (39), olive leaf extract supports cognitive resilience (15, 41), and apigenin promotes restful sleep—crucial for brain recovery and overall cognitive longevity (14, 42).

All references

All-Day Energy, Strength & Vitality

Fuel Mitochondria, Enhance Muscle Strength, and Nourish Joints.

Longevity Foundation energizes your cells at the source by fueling mitochondria—the powerhouses responsible for sustained energy, endurance, and metabolic flexibility. Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG) enhances mitochondrial function, helping your body effortlessly switch between burning carbs and fats for steady energy without crashes or fatigue (62-65). Astaxanthin (71, 72) and Spermidine (66, 67) protect and clear damaged mitochondria, amplifying your energy and resilience. Niacin boosts muscle endurance (57), Oleuropein supports mitochondrial efficiency and reduces fatigue (59), while Zinc (58), Chondroitin sulfate (60), and Oleuropein (59) nourish muscles and joints, keeping you strong, agile, and youthful day and night.

All references

Protect Cells From Damage

Shield Cells from Oxidative Stress

Longevity Foundation defends your cells from oxidative stress—the harmful buildup of damaging molecules linked to accelerated aging and age-related diseases (4, 5). The AM formula contains a multi-factor complex of antioxidants including pterostilbene, quercetin, and fisetin, combined with astaxanthin (6000x stronger than Vitamin C) (12), and apigenin (14), and olive leaf extract (15) in the PM formula, protect your DNA and cellular health day and night, promoting lasting vitality (4-11).  

All references

Fight Inflammaging, Boost Immunity

Target Inflammation to Age Healthier and Live Stronger.

Longevity Foundation tackles "inflammaging"—the low-grade, chronic inflammation that accelerates aging—at its source. Powerful antioxidants like Pterostilbene (8, 73, 74), Quercetin, and Olive Leaf Extract (9, 68) neutralize pro-inflammatory molecules and oxidative stress, enhancing immunity and supporting long-term resilience against inflammation-driven aging (8, 9, 68, 73, 74).

All references

Protect Your Telomeres

Slow Cellular Aging

Telomeres protect your cells from aging, but shorten naturally as you get older, accelerating biological aging (43-45). Longevity Foundation helps preserve telomere health with Astragalus Root Extract, shown to support telomerase activity—your body’s enzyme that rebuilds telomeres and delays aging (46). Spermidine further enhances protection, reducing telomere erosion and supporting overall cellular vitality (47). Together, these powerful ingredients help maintain youthful cells for vibrant health.

All references

How to use

Take 2 AM tablets each morning and 2 PM tablets nightly before bed. Tablets can be taken with or without food—ensure adequate water intake for optimal absorption. For best results, follow the recommended AM/PM timing aligned with your body's natural rhythms, though both servings may be taken together if preferred.

+ behavioral protocol

Longevity Foundation works best with healthy lifestyle choices like diet, exercise, and sleep. That's why Jung+ allows you to amplify the effectiveness of Longevity Foundation with precision-engineered lifestyle boosters.


+ Warning

Not recommended for children, pregnant or nursing women. Avoid use if you have immune system conditions, peptic ulcer disease, liver or kidney disease, hypertension, low blood calcium or pressure, parathyroid disorders, or known allergies or sensitivities to any formula ingredients.

12 research-backed ingredients

Longevity Foundation is made with powerful ingredients that have been shown in research studies to promote longevity and improve healthspan.

AM - Niacin (NAD+ Booster)

200 mg

Niacin (Vitamin B3) is essential for cellular energy, DNA repair, youthful skin, and brain health (57, 79). A powerful precursor to NAD+, niacin helps replenish declining NAD+ levels that occur naturally with age, supporting healthier aging (57, 79, 84). Longevity Foundation uses "no-flush" niacin (inositol hexanicotinate), delivering all its benefits—including energy support, cholesterol balance, and cognitive function—without the flushing sensation common in standard niacin (85).
All references

AM - Pterostilbene

100 mg

Pterostilbene, a powerful antioxidant from blueberries, activates your body’s longevity genes (sirtuins), which support youthful cellular function and DNA health (8, 30, 73). Research indicates pterostilbene helps manage healthy blood sugar levels (74) and offers superior absorption compared to resveratrol (16). Just one serving of Longevity Foundation provides as much pterostilbene as over 1 kilogram of blueberries, delivering potent anti-aging benefits efficiently (8, 30).
All references

AM - Quercetin

200 mg

Quercetin, a potent antioxidant found naturally in fruits and vegetables, combats oxidative stress and calms chronic inflammation—key contributors to accelerated aging (9, 17). As a proven senolytic, quercetin actively clears harmful "zombie" cells, supporting youthful cellular health (28, 29). Each serving of Longevity Foundation delivers as much quercetin as you'd get from eating 15 apples daily, providing robust, clinically-backed protection against aging (9, 17, 28, 29, 87).
All references

AM - Calcium Alpha-Ketoglutarate

1,000 mg

Calcium AKG supports healthy metabolism and energy production by optimizing mitochondrial function—helping your body efficiently switch between burning carbs and fats for fuel (62-65), and has been shown to enhance exercise performance. Clinically shown to reduce biological age markers in humans by up to 8 years (91), AKG helps clear harmful “zombie cells” (senescent cells) that accelerate aging and inflammation (89, 90). Research even shows AKG extending lifespan significantly in lab studies (92).
All references

AM - Fisetin

50 mg

Fisetin, a powerful antioxidant found naturally in strawberries, acts as a senolytic, selectively clearing harmful "zombie cells" that speed up aging and inflammation (11, 93-96). It also helps protect your cells by neutralizing damaging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress linked to aging (11, 93-96). Each serving of Longevity Foundation provides as much fisetin as 8.3 pounds of strawberries, efficiently delivering potent longevity benefits—plus studies suggest it may even mimic the anti-aging effects of caloric restriction (97).
All references

AM - Astaxanthin

3.5 mg

Dubbed the "queen of antioxidants," Astaxanthin is up to 6,000 times more powerful than Vitamin C at neutralizing oxidative stress—the cellular damage linked to aging (12). Shown to visibly improve skin health within weeks (12, 18, 19), Astaxanthin protects your skin from UV damage, supports cardiovascular health by reducing oxidative stress in blood vessels, and shields cells in your brain and body from age-related decline (39, 101-103). Sourced naturally from algae, this potent nutrient is your ultimate defense against aging.
All references

PM - Spermidine

2.5 mg

Spermidine enhances your body's natural cell-recycling process (autophagy), helping remove damaged cellular components to support youthful skin, cognitive clarity, and overall cellular health (13, 26, 27, 32). Clinical research links spermidine to healthier aging through improved mitochondrial function, heart vitality, and balanced cellular metabolism (67, 98, 99).
All references

PM - Zinc

10 mg

Zinc, vital for cellular metabolism, influences over 300 enzymes and 2,000 gene-controlling transcription factors. Zinc is essential for immune strength, skin repair, and healthy cellular function, helping your body stay resilient and youthful (20, 21, 36, 105-107). It also provides potent antioxidant protection, reduces inflammation, and supports cognitive health—crucial as you age (36, 106). Longevity Foundation delivers an optimal dose of zinc, equivalent to eating 1 kg of cooked chicken, to maintain robust health and vitality at any age (108, 109).
All references

PM - Oleuropein (Olive Leaf Extract)

650 mg

Oleuropein, a powerful polyphenol found in significant amounts in mediterranean olive oils, Oleuropein stimulates autophagy via the powerful AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, clears aging cells, and combats inflammation—key factors for healthy aging (31, 68). Known for its brain-protective benefits, oleuropein helps reduce cognitive decline and oxidative damage (41, 110). It also supports healthy blood pressure, cardiovascular function, and metabolic health (59, 69, 70). Each serving provides the oleuropein potency of roughly 2 kilograms of olive oil, delivering concentrated, science-backed anti-aging power (31, 41, 59, 68-70, 110, 111).
All references

PM - Astragalus

100 mg

Astragalus root extract helps fortify your immune defenses and supports telomere health—essential chromosome structures that shorten as you age (46, 112-114). Research indicates astragalus activates key cellular longevity pathways linked to healthy aging, enhancing your body's resilience at the cellular level (115).
All references

PM - Chondroitin

700 mg

Chondroitin sulfate naturally strengthens your cartilage, improving joint comfort and mobility to keep you active and agile as you age (116-118). It enhances cartilage elasticity, reduces inflammation, and supports joint resilience against everyday wear and tear (119, 120).
All references

PM - Apigenin

50 mg

Apigenin, a potent antioxidant flavonoid found in herbs, helps maintain healthy cellular function by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress (14, 24). It supports the body’s natural processes of cellular renewal (autophagy), clears aging cells, and optimizes NAD+ metabolism, crucial for maintaining vibrant cellular health as you age (24, 42, 121).
All references

Your 12 month journey with Longevity Foundation

2 weeks

Foundational Cellular Support

Some notice subtle shifts— steadier energy, improved clarity—as foundational cellular support takes hold. Benefits may not be immediately apparent.

6 weeks

Repair Mechanisms are Activated

Many report vitality improvements, improved energy levels, reduced fatigue, and better focus as cellular repair mechanisms are activated.

3 months

Enhanced Cellular Function

Enhanced cellular function, stamina and recovery, that may be accompanied by better overall wellness.

6 months

Internal & External Improvements

Sustained improvements in aging hallmarks and mitochondrial health, potentially leading to noticeable improvements in both internal and external aging.

12 months

Long-Term Health and Longevity

Compounded benefits become more apparent, with a heightened sense of youthfulness resulting from a year of sustained longevity activation.

What are the 12 hallmarks of aging, how can they be addressed?

Learn more

Age is the single largest risk factor for an enormous number of diseases. So, if you can essentially postpone aging, then you can have beneficial effects on a whole wide range of disease.

Dr. Cynthia Kenyon, molecular biologist and pioneer in aging research

Founded in Oxford - we’ve done our homework

At Jung+, we're on a crusade to liberate human longevity, translating the latest scientific advancements in aging research into products and technologies that can slow aging and extend healthy lifespan

Our scientists

GMP certified

Manufactured in facilities that follow Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), ensuring the highest quality and purity.

Scientist Approved

Formulated by experts and rigorously evaluated by scientists to ensure effectiveness and safety.

Clinical-Grade Dosage

Contains the precise dosages used in clinical studies, ensuring you receive the optimal amount for maximum benefit.

Made in the USA

Proudly produced in the USA, ensuring adherence to the highest standards of quality and safety.

Meet our JUNG+ community

“I've researched it all: Jung delivers the best”

“Feeling younger, stronger, and more vibrant every single day”

“Longevity never felt so effortless— I'm obsessed with these products!”

FAQ’s

  • Can I use it as a replacement for my multivitamin supplement?

    No - Longevity Foundation is not a replacement for your daily multivitamin. Longevity Foundation is designed to target aging - it is not formulated to supplement a broad nutritional profile. You could take them together with prior consultation with your physician.

  • When will I see the first effects?

    Some users report feeling more energetic after only a few days. Most users report seeing or feeling a noticeable benefit within 30-60 days. However, like all longevity protocols, the effects amplify and compound with time.

  • I'm feeling lazy. Can I take both AM + PM pills at once?

    Absolutely. There is absolutely no harm in taking AM + PM simultaneously, and you can still achieve the lion's share of benefits. In fact, they were originally conceived as a single pill. However, to enhance efficacy and precision, we still suggest taking them separately as they are designed to coincide with separate internal mechanisms, which are more active during the day or night.

  • I forgot yesterday's dose. Should I take double the dose the next day?

    Taking double doses is not recommended.

  • Is this supplement all I need to live a longer, healthy life?

    No. Longevity Foundation greatly supports longevity, but it is only one part of a longevity lifestyle. This supplement is not a replacement for a healthy, balanced diet and evidence-based lifestyle choices like quality sleep, exercise, stress control, and mindful blood sugar balance.

  • I'm pregnant! Can I continue taking the supplement?

    First of all - congrats! But unfortunately, its best not to. While there are no known issues with the ingredients in our Longevity Foundation for pregnant women, we suggest you quit taking the supplement during the course of pregnancy as well as breastfeeding. There is not enough available evidence on the impact of the supplement components on a pregnant or nursing mother.

  • I heard resveratrol is great for slowing aging - why didn't you include this?

    It is due to the inconclusive results of numerous studies on resveratrol, its apparent limited bioavailability in humans, and many results that contradict each other. Science is constantly changing, and we follow the science. If more conclusive data emerges, we will include it in future iterations. Therefore, we use pterostilbene, which has features similar to resveratrol but has been proven more bioavailable and easier to absorb.

  • I hear NMN is great for aging - why didn't you include this?

    NMN is a NAD(+) donor; the same is NR or niacin (in our formula). Nevertheless, NMN is still in the middle of emerging research, while niacin has been thoroughly tested in humans for decades, with a much broader set of whole-body benefits (which is why we included niacin in our supplement). We also added Flavonoid like apigenin and quercetin formula for a potential synergistic effect with NAD+. Apigenin inhibits the activity of CD38, which consumes NAD+. It increases the amount of NAD+ not by supplying it but by inhibiting its degradation (83). You can still take an additional separate NAD+ booster, however, its best to consult with a doctor when combining supplements. However, note that decreased NAD+ levels are only a single hallmark of aging and deterioration, therefore, having a balanced portfolio of interventions that considers all hallmarks and lifestyle choices collectively, is the most effective approach.

  • Why are the doses divided into morning and evening formulas?

    The division of doses allows for optimized nutrient absorption and potential timing considerations based on ingredient properties. It may also facilitate compliance by incorporating supplementation into a daily routine. For example the AM formula is unlikely to break a fast and has ingredients that are water soluble, so its designed to be taken when many engage in intermittent fasting practices, while the PM formula includes ingredients that are more readily absorbed with oil (oil soluble), at night, when people are more likely to have evening meals to help carry the absorption of certain compounds.

  • I've heard of other longevity compounds. Why did you put them in other Jung+ formulas and not this?

    Because every ingredient you put in your body has multiple effects, and its not great practice to just take whatever, whenever. In many cases, certain longevity ingredients have dual effects - such as Glycine in our Advanced Sleep Repair formula, which has been shown to significantly benefit sleep. And some popular longevity ingredients should be taken during specific times, like Berberine in our Glucose Blocker, which helps module blood sugar levels, and is much safer taken by healthy individuals alongside sugar or carb rich foods to avoid hypoglycemia. Longevity Foundation is designed to be taken as a standalone product, without a specific lifestyle prompt. The rest of our product line focuses on activating behavioral modifications or utilizing particular longevity levers. For maximum impact, we have engineered formulas with specific ingredients that would help amplify and strengthen a certain lifestyle or behavior.

Developed by experts

Dr. Sagner is a world leading human performance specialist, sports and preventive medicine, and was the medical director at Europe’s first University medical center section for preventive medicine and lifestyle medicine. Dr Sagner is a member of the European Union Platform for Action on Diet, Physical Activity and Health and a partner of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Aging.

Dr. Michael Sagner, MD

DIRECTOR, EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
Francois-Xavier Pellay, PhD, known as the 'Longevity Molecule Hunter', is a world leading scientist and entrepreneur in the longevity industry. Pellay is a multidisciplinary scientist with a background which includes a Master's degree in Biochemistry, a Master's degree in Organic Chemistry, a Ph.D. in Bioinformatics and years of expertise in Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biology of Aging.

Francois-Xavier Pellay, PhD

PROFESSOR | SCIENTIST | LONGEVITY MOLECULE HUNTER | FOUNDER, BIMINI BIOTECH
Dr. Fady Hannah-Shmouni, MD FRCPC, is a physician-investor at the forefront of endocrinology, genomics, and healthspan medicine. As a distinguished Professor at the University of British Columbia, he passionately empowers individuals by facilitating access to groundbreaking technologies in precision medicine, including artificial intelligence and genomic advancements.

Dr. Fady Hannah-Shmouni

LONGEVITY PHYSICIAN | PROFESSOR | YALE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE | NIH | UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Dr. Avi Roy is an accomplished biomedical scientist, mentor, and entrepreneur with a deep-rooted passion for advancing the field of longevity. His academic journey culminated in a PhD from the University of Oxford. With over 15 years of dedicated research and development in the longevity sector, Dr. Roy has established himself as a a leading figure in this dynamic and ever-evolving field. As a mentor and investor in health-tech startups, he continues to inspire and guide the next generation of scientists and entrepreneurs.

Avi Roy

BIOMEDICAL SCIENTIST | INVENTOR | UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD | FOUNDER, UDA

Scientific studies

  • Niacin is a precursor for the coenzyme NAD+.

    By examining various studies and reports on the topic, it is evident that nicotinamide, the amide form of niacin, plays a crucial role in cell survival and longevity. Obtaining an adequate amount of vitamin B3 enhances the ability of nicotinamide to maintain cellular integrity and reduce inflammation. This process is achieved by influencing several cellular targets, such as mitochondrial membrane potential, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), protein kinase B (Akt), caspases, and microglial activation (122).

  • Fisetin is a senotherapeutic that might extend health and lifespan

    The study found that fisetin, a flavonoid present in many fruits and vegetables, is highly effective in combating cellular aging. Fisetin was the most potent among various flavonoids tested for eliminating senescent cells, which are cells that cease to divide and contribute to aging and age-related diseases. When administered to mice, both in models of accelerated aging and in normal aged mice, fisetin significantly reduced markers of cellular aging in various tissues and was effective with both short-term and intermittent treatments. Notably, fisetin's use in normal, aged mice led to improved tissue health, reduced age-related pathologies, and importantly, extended their overall lifespan, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for aging and associated diseases​ (95)

  • Pterostilbene has become an attractive drug candidate for treating several disease conditions.

    Pterostilbene (PTS) has gained attention for its therapeutic potential in various diseases due to its improved absorption and stability compared to resveratrol. PTS shows promise in addressing conditions such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. This review highlights the nutraceutical potential of PTS and explores its mechanisms of action, focusing on its Nrf2-mediated effect in diabetes. It also discusses the sources of PTS, its pharmacokinetics, different formulations and administration routes used in studies and clinical trials, and strategies to enhance its availability and accessibility (73).

  • Induction of autophagy by spermidine promotes longevity

    Spermidine, a natural polyamine found to decline with age, has emerged as a significant factor in promoting longevity. This groundbreaking study reveals that spermidine supplementation remarkably extends the lifespan of yeast, flies, worms, and even human immune cells. Moreover, it offers potent protection against oxidative stress in aging mice. The key to spermidine's efficacy lies in its ability to induce epigenetic changes, particularly the deacetylation of histone H3. This process, driven by the inhibition of histone acetyltransferases (HAT), leads to reduced oxidative stress and necrosis in aging yeast. On the flip side, reduced levels of endogenous polyamines correlate with increased acetylation, reactive oxygen species production, early necrotic death, and a shortened lifespan. Spermidine's impact extends to upregulating autophagy-related transcripts, thereby triggering autophagy in various organisms and human cells. This enhanced autophagy is essential for spermidine's role in suppressing necrosis and boosting longevity, underscoring its potential as a powerful anti-aging intervention (22).

  • Quercetin causes apoptosis in the A-549 lung cancer cell lines.

    This study investigates the anticancer effects of quercetin (QC) on the A-549 human lung cancer cell line. Researchers observed that QC notably inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, an effect that was even more pronounced with increased treatment duration. When examining the molecular mechanisms involved, the study found that QC treatment led to decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 and increased expression of the pro-apoptotic gene bax. These effects were also confirmed in vivo, using A-549 cell xenografts in mice, showing tumor growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. Thus, the study concludes that QC's anticancer effects on A-549 cells may be attributed to its ability to regulate key genes involved in apoptosis (123).

  • Higher spermidine intake is linked to lower mortality

    The study investigated the relationship between dietary spermidine intake and mortality in humans. It involved 829 participants aged 45–84 years and used repeated, dietitian-administered food-frequency questionnaires over a period from 1995 to 2015. The results showed that all-cause mortality decreased with increasing spermidine intake. For instance, mortality rates per 1000 person-years were lower in groups with higher spermidine intake, corresponding to a reduced cumulative mortality incidence over 20 years. The hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause death per one standard deviation higher spermidine intake was significantly lower, suggesting a reduced risk of death with higher intake. This association was consistent across different subgroups and was also validated in a separate study. The study concluded that a diet rich in spermidine is linked to increased survival, with the mortality risk reduction between the highest and lowest spermidine intake groups comparable to being younger by approximately 5.7 years. This supports the idea that spermidine-rich nutrition can contribute to increased human longevity (98)

  • Alpha-ketoglutarate may extend human healthspan.

    Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is an intermediate in the Krebs cycle with diverse metabolic and cellular functions. It acts as an antioxidant, influencing nitrogen and ammonia balance and impacting epigenetic and immune regulation. These multifaceted properties suggest that AKG may potentially enhance human healthspan. Recent studies in worms and mice support this hypothesis. This review will focus on the regulatory role of AKG in aging and its potential as a treatment for age-related diseases (89).

  • Astaxanthin can modulate Nrf2, FOXO3, Sirt1, and Klotho proteins linked to longevity.

    Astaxanthin (ASX) is a natural compound that shows promising geroprotective properties. Its polyene chain allows it to scavenge free radicals in cell membranes and control oxidation. ASX has also been found to modulate various cellular mechanisms related to longevity, including the FOXO3 gene, a crucial regulator of cell function and longevity. ASX has shown neuroprotective effects, particularly in aging and neurodegenerative models, by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, reducing oxidative damage, and preserving mitochondrial function. ASX can also influence proteins such as Nrf2, Sirt1, and Klotho associated with longevity. These findings suggest that ASX may have the potential as a geroneuroprotector (39).

  • Supplementation with olive leaf extract ameliorates age-related vascular and metabolic changes in Wistar rats.


    This study analysed the impact of olive leaf extract (OLE), rich in secoiridoids and phenolic compounds, on aging-induced metabolic and vascular alterations in rats. The supplementation with OLE in aged rats showed a prevention of loss in body weight and muscle mass, and a reduction in the weight of adrenal glands. In terms of serum changes, OLE effectively lowered LDL-cholesterol and IL-6 levels, while increasing leptin and adiponectin concentrations. In the liver, OLE moderated the age-induced changes in gene expression, notably reducing the overexpression of NOX-4, Alox-5, iNOS, and TNF-α, and supporting the expression of SOD-1, GSR, GCK, and GSK-3β. Furthermore, OLE demonstrated a significant improvement in vascular function in aged rats, evidenced by the prevention of endothelial dysfunction, enhancement of vascular insulin resistance, and improved vasoconstriction response to KCl and NA. This improvement in vascular function was associated with the attenuation of alterations in the gene expression of key markers such as COX-2, IL-6, GPx, NOX-1, and IL-10. The study concluded that OLE exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in aged rats and attenuates the alterations in vascular function associated with aging (124).

  • The extract component of Astragalus membranaceus can increase telomerase activity.

    Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi) is a medicinal herb used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2000 years. It contains beneficial components such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, and saponins. Research suggests that Astragalus membranaceus extracts have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, anticancer, and organ-protective effects and increase telomerase activity. This review focuses on its potential to extend lifespan, countering vascular and brain aging, and its anticancer properties. Understanding the mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus could lead to the development of effective and targeted therapeutic agents against aging (112).

  • Zinc is essential for immune efficiency, metabolic homeostasis, and antioxidant activity.

    This review discusses the role of zinc in human health, aging, and immunosenescence. Zinc is an essential trace element involved in various cellular functions, including immune response. Zinc deficiency, common in older individuals, contributes to oxidative inflammatory aging and immunosenescence. The potential benefits of zinc supplementation for immune function are explored. The review summarizes recent findings on zinc's role, focusing on its impact on aging and immunosenescence (107).

  • Chondroitin sulfate can potentially become a geroprotective strategy to promote health during human aging.

    Chondroitin sulfate has emerged as a potential geroprotective compound through in-silico and lifespan screens in model organisms. It is a glycosaminoglycan naturally produced in our body, attached to extracellular matrix proteins. Oral supplementation of chondroitin sulfate is well-tolerated in humans, exhibits favorable pharmacokinetics, correlates with healthy longevity, and has shown efficacy in reducing age-related diseases in clinical trials. A recent study demonstrated that chondroitin sulfate supplementation extends the lifespan of C. elegans worm. Therefore, chondroitin sulfate can potentially be a geroprotective strategy for promoting health during human aging. This review focuses on two potential mechanisms of action, maintaining extracellular matrix homeostasis and inhibiting inflammation, which contributes to countering age-related pathologies with chondroitin sulfate supplementation (119).

  • Oleuropein, unexpected benefits!

    The study suggests that Oleuropein, a compound found in olive oil and olive leaves, offers a range of health benefits. It is a key part of the Mediterranean diet and is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The study indicates that Oleuropein can effectively lower blood pressure, which may be beneficial in the treatment of hypertension. It also suggests potential protective roles against heart disease and neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, primarily by preventing the buildup of harmful proteins in the brain (69).

  • Polyphenols like oleuropein are the therapeutic agents of olive oil

    The study highlights the significant health benefits of olive oil, particularly focusing on its content of polyphenols like oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. These compounds are key to olive oil's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which contribute to its various health benefits. Olive oil, rich in these polyphenols, has been linked to improvements in heart health by enhancing endothelial function and optimizing lipid profiles. Additionally, it plays a role in preventing and managing several non-communicable diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. The study underscores that these benefits are largely attributed to the synergistic effects of olive oil's complex nutritional composition, especially its high content of polyphenols like oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol (70).

  • Inhibitory effect of astaxanthin on oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction-a mini-review

    The review focuses on the role of astaxanthin, a red-colored carotenoid, in combating oxidative stress, a key factor in the development of various diseases and the aging process. Oxidative stress damages cells by disrupting mitochondrial function, which can lead to an excess of harmful reactive oxygen species and even cell death. Astaxanthin has been found to have strong anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on different cell types. By maintaining mitochondrial integrity, astaxanthin helps to counteract the damage caused by oxidative stress, thus potentially preventing or slowing the progression of diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction (71)

  • Astaxanthin: A potential mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant treatment in diseases and with aging

    The study concludes that astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant, is gaining recognition for its ability to combat oxidative stress-related and aging diseases. It has been shown to lower plasma glucose and insulin levels, enhance overall body insulin sensitivity, and improve insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, acting as an insulin sensitizer. Additionally, astaxanthin has demonstrated benefits in improving muscle atrophy due to disuse, offering neuroprotective advantages, and preventing the aging effects on the skin caused by photoaging (72).

  • Pterostilbene: Sources, Metabolism, Health Promotion Effects, And Superiority to Resveratrol

    The study highlights how Pterostilbene (PTS), predominantly found in blueberries, has emerged as a promising compound with various health benefits. Compared to resveratrol, PTS offers better intestinal absorption and greater stability in the liver. The studies reviewed indicate that PTS is effective in affecting multiple age-related diseases. Additionally, PTS has been found to have a higher bioavailability and lower toxicity than other similar compounds, making it a compelling option for dietary supplementation and therapeutic applications (73).

  • Chondroitin Sulfate as a Potential Longevity Pill

    The study identifies chondroitin sulfate as a potential "geroprotector" - a compound that promotes health during aging and helps in slowing down age-related diseases. Chondroitin sulfate is a naturally occurring substance in the body, known for its role in maintaining the extracellular matrix, which is crucial for tissue health. The study found that oral supplementation of chondroitin sulfate is well-tolerated in humans and has a positive correlation with increased longevity and effectiveness in reducing age-related diseases. In experiments with the model organism C. elegans, supplementation of chondroitin sulfate increased lifespan, supporting its potential as a geroprotective strategy. The study suggests that chondroitin sulfate works through two primary mechanisms: maintaining extracellular matrix homeostasis and reducing inflammation, both of which are key factors in counteracting age-related pathologies (119)

  • Apigenin and NAD+

    The study investigates the role of the flavonoid apigenin, found in various plants, in treating metabolic syndrome, a growing health concern worldwide. It focuses on how manipulating NAD+ metabolism can help manage this condition. The study reveals that CD38, a primary enzyme in mammals, plays a crucial role in regulating NAD+ levels and, consequently, sirtuin activity and global protein acetylation. By inhibiting CD38 using apigenin, the research demonstrates a significant increase in cellular NAD+ levels. This increase leads to reduced global protein acetylation, including in key proteins like p53 and RelA-p65. In experiments with obese mice, apigenin administration resulted in increased NAD+ levels, decreased protein acetylation, and notable improvements in glucose and lipid homeostasis. These findings suggest that targeting CD38 with apigenin offers a promising therapeutic approach for treating metabolic diseases through NAD+-dependent pathways (121).

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